learning on Cliff538

Update to Calibre-Web: Worth it?

Mon, 31 Aug 2026 19:52:01 -0700

Out on the road, I’ve had time to fully investigate my Calibre-Web setup. I wrote a short post about it, but this is an update on using it and whether it’s worth the setup time.

You launch it, of course, via a web browser. I use TailScale to access mine to keep it secure. It has a nice layout with several options for how you want to sort your books. At the top, I have a Random Books section, which is a nice feature that shows you four random books from your collection. I have to admit, I see books that I don’t remember getting. Which is kind of cool; it’s almost like looking at your own personal indie bookstore.

You click on a book, and you can see the metadata, rating, description, and whether you’ve read it or not. All things that you download through Calibre when you import your books. There is an in-app book reader which opens a new tab and allows you very minimal options to read the book. I would never use this; it’s very bare in layout options and, critically, has no scrolling option. Most importantly you can download the books in whatever format you originally set up in Calibre; epub, PDF, etc. If you are an Apple user, that download will open up in Apple Books, which is a pretty good eReader. I don’t read many books in it, but I don’t mind it.

Overall, I’m glad I set it up. I have my whole personal digital book library with me at all times; I can download and read any book or just browse the collection looking for a lost book or my next read. Nowhere as nice as looking at a bookcase of actual books, but for your digital collection this is a very nice option. I can highly recommend it if you have a large ebook collection.

One thing I haven’t tested yet is emailing books to your ebook reader. I don’t use an ebook reader but would like to get one and give it a go.

The Good Stuff - April 2026

Wed, 29 Apr 2026 15:59:18 -0700

A smattering of useful things I’ve come across this month

April 2026

Adventure Journal - The best outdoor magazine I’ve ever subscribed to. Great blog as well.
Bad Astronomy - One of the best Astronomy newsletters I’ve found. I read every issue.
Kurt Vonnegut’s Advice for Making the Most of Your Day - InsideHook - A short story that will make you smile about Kurt Vonnegut and his technology stack.
Something is Going on with Colorectal Cancer - Hank Green out with more great informaiton.
Guide to the Best Beginner Brush Pens - Someday I’ll get to messing about with brush pens.
Pinery - Self-Publishing App - Hiro had this in his report, and it looks great. Even though I didn’t need it, it was fun to explore. I do have a book I started 30 years ago about being a young pilot in the Alaska Arctic… just say’n.
Longreads - If you don’t know about Longreads, you need to check it out. Wonderful stories, very well curated.
Notebook - iA - I had to get one or two of these, just beautifully made. I’m not sure I’ll bring myself to write in it though… still working on that.
The Making of iA Notebook - YouTube - Watch the craftsmanship involved with this notebook.

Books added to the queue

Thirst - by Heather Anderson, I also added her latest forthcoming Farther.
So Late In The Day - Claire Keegan. If you haven’t read anything by Keegan, do yourself a favor and start one of her books.
The Year Without Summer - William K. Klingaman and Nicholas P. Klingaman. I was sent down this rabbit hole by Maria Popova’s book Traversal. I loved Simon Winchester’s book Krakatoa so I’m excited to get to this one. We are very fragile creatures on a very active planet.
Go Computer Now ! - I’m about halfway through this and I love it. Very well written and brings a whole new company and characters to light in the early days of the personal computer. The story brings in the usual characters, Bill Gates, Woz, etc but only for context in this story about Sphere Corporation. If you want to know more about the battle to bring the personal computer to the masses, you’ll really enjoy this.

Denoise: LightRoom vs DxO PureRAW 5

Tue, 28 Apr 2026 19:04:03 -0700

A quick down-and-dirty comparison between LR and DxO denoise. There is a very clear winner here.

I was doing a fair amount of low-light shooting with my OM-1 Mark II, and the noise was just killing me during editing. I recently purchased DxO PureRAW 5 and haven’t really used it yet. I thought I’d do a quick comparison. Nothing scientific here, and I’m not even sure how much will show up in the screenshots below.

The OM-1 is a 20.4 MP Micro Four Thirds sensor and does not handle low light very well. So noise can be a real issue at times. I’ve always just used LR denoise, and it’s been good enough, but after seeing what DxO can do, I’ll be using DxO for all serious noise issues.

Here is LR denoise vs. out-of-the-camera ORF (raw): You can really see how noisy the OM-1 is in low light!

Here is DxO denoise vs. out of the camera ORF:

Finally, here is DxO vs. LR: I zoomed in to 200% for the best comparison.

In Summary, I hope you can see the large differences in the screenshots. The clear, hands-down winner is DxO. I would love for Adobe to improve the denoise in LR so I could skip this extra step, but here we are. Something to look for with denoise is preservation of detail; denoise tends to soften your picture, leaving you with less detail where you may want it. DxO also did a much better job in preserving details.

DxO also provided Optical Corrections: Lens Sharpness Optimization, Vignetting, Chromatic aberration, and Lens Distortion, but I did not take the time to analyze these.

I’m extremely impressed with DxO’s performance. On the downsides, it takes a while to process, and it’s an extra step in your workflow, but if you have a lot of noise, it’s worth the extra time. My average processing time per picture was 17-25 seconds.

I also learned that LR isn’t as bad as I thought. I’ll still use it for light noise issues, or when time is a factor, but for your good shots where you want maximum noise reduction and preservation of detail, DxO is worth every penny and your time.

Whether this is worth it to you depends on the camera you are using and the conditions you are shooting in. At the time of this blog post, DxO PureRAW 6 costs $139.99 as a one-time fee. If you just post your shots to social media in low-quality JPGs, you may not even need to denoise. But if noise is an issue for you and you’ve been unhappy with the software you are using, it’s worth your time to test-drive DxO.

Let’s go shoot some pictures tomorrow!

Custom Oura Ring Data Board

Sat, 18 Apr 2026 15:49:49 -0700

Poking around, I found out that Oura ring has a robust API, so I wanted to see what Claude Code could do with it. It took an afternoon of fiddling, but it seems to be a robust custom data board with about 4 years of data, that updates itself 3 times a day to a SQLite database. It runs on my Mac Mini home server.

I can download my CSV data from the data board, and I also set it up to run a monthly report that makes an Apple Note for me and files it away. I had it run monthly reports for the past 4 years, and it’s an excellent way to digest sleep data.

The best part is a second page on the dashboard called the Correlation Explorer, where you can see how tag data affects your sleep. You do have to remember to add tags, late meals, massage, medication, sauna, vaccinations, etc., and you can start to see what is helping and hurting your rest. You can see the evidence on my board. On this note, my wife swears that a hot shower before bed helps you fall asleep faster. That’s the next test that will be tracked with tags. We shall see.

I know a lot of people don’t like A.I., but I’m still in awe of the things I can build with it. This is so far beyond my skill level. And the data analysis that I can now do is truly helping my sleep. The older I’ve gotten, the worse my sleep has been. I’ve increased my sleep by one hour per night just from the Oura ring data.

I like the Oura ring app, and they have their own web view that is really nice, but being able to customize what you want to see and how is pretty neat.

If you have any trouble with sleep, I highly recommend using the Oura ring for 6 months or so, using tags, and figuring out what helps and hurts your sleep.

For the curious, here are some technical details.

The Stack Snapshot:

Next.js 14 (App Router) + TypeScript + Tailwind on the frontend and API layer.
SQLite via better-sqlite3 – synchronous API, ~23MB database holding ~4.4 years of history.
Node.js v22, brew-pinned on the prod host.
PM2 managing the Next.js process on port 3001 (alongside a sibling “Status Board” app on 3000).
launchd for scheduled jobs (not cron – it’s macOS).
Tailscale for access; the dashboard has no public internet exposure.
About 2,800 lines across the key files (ingest, queries, schema, pages), 22 React components.

The Data Pipeline:

Pulls 16 endpoints from Oura’s v2 API on a 14-day incremental window per run. Deliberately skips heartrate and interbeat_interval – those would 10x the DB for no visible dashboard benefit, and can be backfilled later if HRV analysis ever happens.

Idempotent by design. Every row is an INSERT OR REPLACE on the Oura-assigned document ID (with UNIQUE(day) constraints on daily tables). Re-running ingest is a safe no-op; late-arriving recomputes overwrite stale scores.
Two-column storage pattern. Each table has explicit parsed columns for fast queries plus a raw TEXT NOT NULL column holding the entire API JSON. If I want to derive a new column later, I don’t need to re-pull the API – just run a query over the raw JSON. Full-fidelity audit log, zero lossy transformations.
Every run is logged to an ingest_runs table (endpoint, start/end dates, status, doc counts, errors). Makes it trivial to see “did the 8am run land last night’s sleep yet?” – which I used twice this week.
~150 API requests, ~5 seconds per run – well under Oura’s 5000 req / 5 min limit, which leaves tons of room for backfill runs.

Scheduling:

launchd fires npm run ingest three times daily (8:00, 12:00, 16:00). The multiple fires exist because Oura’s detailed sleep endpoint publishes ~1–3h post-wake, so the 8am run catches the score, later runs catch the detail. A separate monthly launchd job fires on the 1st at 9:15am to produce a digest.

The Good Stuff - March 2026

Tue, 31 Mar 2026 14:33:40 -0700

A smattering of useful things I’ve come across this month

March 2026

DOFSimulator - A great website for learning about Depth Of Field. You can select your camera and lens, move the model, and change the focal length and f-stop. Very useful web app.
cliff538.com from 2009 - Finding my blog from 2009 was fun! The original cliff538 was built from scratch as an exam for an HTML/CSS class that I was taking. Really brought back some good memories. Sadly, there is no record of my very first blog, where I documented, step by step, how to build a stitch-and-glue kayak. Everything has been lost to time. Some more old blog links: here and here
Book Alex - A great spot for book reviews and more from Alexandra.
Small Web - An IOS app from Kagi that focuses on the small web.
GPSJAM - great website showing where GPS jamming is occurring.
ReKindle - has all kinds of apps for your Kindle. I did not try any of them since most of my digital reading is on an iPad, but it sure looks promising if you are a Kindle user. If you try it, let me know what you think.
TRAVELER’S COMPANY USA - Pretty cool place for all things journaling. Lots of unique items and journaling kits.
Japanese Stationery Awards 2026 – bungu - Best of the best for 2026.
BRICKA | Premium magazine for Lego Fans - BRICKA is an online and physical print magazine dedicated to exploring, amplifying, and featuring voices within the brick building community of Adult Fans of LEGO.
Orion Magazine - Just found this and need to explore it more.
Netlify - Netlify is a cloud platform for hosting and deploying web apps, websites, etc. I made a free account with them and explored their Agent help with making a static web page. They seem to have a fairly generous free level, so you can experiment with deploying websites and apps. I’m currently using the free tier at Vercel to host my web app for posting to my blogs. I have zero complaints; it’s been a great service, but it’s nice knowing there are options.
The 100 Best Books of the 21st Century - Gift Article - As voted on by 503 novelists, nonfiction writers, poets, critics and other book lovers – with a little help from the staff of The New York Times Book Review.
Nine Books to Reset Your View of the World - Gift Article - Each of these titles will widen your perspective, offering you original insight and vision.
100 Jumps - This is a surprisingly fun and frustrating game. I still haven’t made all 100 yet. I’m not giving up! You really want to work on getting perfect jumps. Every time you get three in a row, you get an extra life. Here is the iOS [link](apps.apple.com/us/app/10… 100 Jumps)
The Onion Newspaper - “With 65,000 paying print subscribers, in 50 states and 50 countries, The Onion is, by some estimates, the country’s 12th-largest print newspaper, above The Boston Globe. Overall annual revenue grew 300% in 2025.”
- They are running a sale right now - $75 for one year of print.

CyberPower UPS Internal Battery Replacement

Fri, 27 Feb 2026 15:49:48 -0700

So, I’ve never done this before. I think this feature of having replaceable internal batteries is fairly new? Just wanted to make a post about the option and how easy it is.

I have two UPSs in my office, one for the main desktop computer and one for the NAS. Yesterday, my main computer was off when I walked into the office. I restarted, and just a few minutes into startup, it dies again. Ugh! But I’ve seen this before, I know the drill. Unplug all peripherals, start up in safe mode, and then slowly open software and plug back in peripherals one at a time to see what is causing the issue.

I couldn’t even boot up into safe mode; it just shut back off. I was thinking, this is serious, like, take it to the shop series. Turns out it was my old CyberPower UPS; it was barely alive. No warning, no beeping, no message, just was on its last leg and wouldn’t even let my computer start up.

It’s like $300 to $400 bucks for a new one, I’m thinking, do I really need one? The power rarely drops off, etc. Then I remembered about battery replacement. Looked it up. Sure as heck, ordered a new lead-acid battery for $99 and replaced it. It takes removing two screws, popping off the front cover, unplugging the batteries, and sliding out the old battery to install the new one. Easy enough.

Be sure to go into Settings/Energy/UPS Options/ to make sure your computer recognizes the UPS and your settings are where you want them.

Back in safe waters with a good Surge protector and battery backup for the desktop.

Note: I purchased an OEM battery for $99. You can get aftermarket batteries for considerably less to save even more.

Building An Online Micro.blog Editor

Thu, 29 Jan 2026 08:38:39 -0700

Inspired by @numericcitizen and his editor, I set out to use Vercel and build a custom Micro.blog editor for my 3 blogs.

I made a free (hobby) account at Vercel and then got to work in Claude Code. Told it what I wanted, and for the first try, it was pretty good. It took me about 4 hours working with CC to iron out all the kinks. The biggest problems were with the media folder, uploading photos, and making cross-posting work correctly. But we got through all the issues, and it is working very nicely.

I can choose which blog to post to, and it automatically populates the media folder, cross-posting options, and categories. I can send it to MB as a draft or a post. I can save the drafts locally as a JSON file and/or download all files.

Hats off to @manton for a nice API to work with, @numericcitizen for the inspiration, and Claude Code for the ease in making something like this, because it is way beyond my skill level.

I put the web app behind a password-protected splash screen, since it is custom to my blogs only. I can only imagine the havoc if someone nefarious got into this. There are other security measures I can deploy as well. Vercel has been easy to use and understand. Their hobby plan seems sufficient for now. Interesting note: Vercel has its own AI agent. Once you connect your GitHub account, it can send its own pull requests. I let it send a PR for adding analytics, and it worked very well. Kind of fun to watch it all take place over on GitHub.

I’m going to use this for a while and see if it sticks. It’s really not needed because there is such a nice Mac App for MB that this is not necessary, but it sure shows you the possibilities. One area where it may come in handy is on the road with just my iPad; I can use the Web App to post.

I think my next project may be making an iOS app.

Claude Code Makes A Cliff538 Status Board

Wed, 28 Jan 2026 14:29:36 -0700

I know, way too many posts out there about AI Agents making apps. But, in my opinion, this is what they are for. My coding skills are at a hobby level, and now I can code using English, and it’s really fast and really good.

Today, “we” made an online Cliff538 Status Board web app. Not a single mistake was made; it went very smoothly. The only changes were asking whether certain APIs allowed more information to be displayed, and cosmetic changes to improve the look. I have a spare iPad on my desktop that keeps the page up and refreshing for me. Overkill, I know, but it’s a hobby. It’s damn fun.

It refreshes every 30 seconds, runs locally on my Mac Mini, and is accessed using Tailscale.

I love it.

I can see more custom apps in my near future. This really cements the purchase of the Mac Mini as a home server; this web app running locally hardly uses any resources. “We” code locally on my office Mac and push to GitHub, then I screen share into the mini and have it download changes from GitHub. It’s a very nice system.

I will soon investigate Vercel as an option for a VPS.

Lately, another good use for Claude/ChatGPT has been to upload my HTML and CSS files for cleanup, commenting, adding a nice Table of Contents, etc. It makes me feel better to have my personal blog web pages neat and organized.

Well, that’s it until the next web app or, hopefully, an iPhone app soon. I’ve taken many courses on iOS apps and Swift, and it never clicked for me; it’s a very hard language. I much more enjoy Python, HTML, CSS, and some JS. Excited to see how Claude and I work together on that.

It’s been a wonderful day futzing with this.

I can’t have you check out the live web app because it’s not on the internet, just on my Tailscale Network, but here is a screenshot:

NYT George Saunders Interview

Sat, 10 Jan 2026 16:07:26 -0700

I’m not sure why I’m so drawn to writers, other than it’s a skill that I don’t have in any form. Writers have dedicated their lives to crafting words together to tell a story that a reader can understand, identify with, sympathize with, even to the point of changing the life of that reader. The person that I am today is partly shaped by books that I’ve read.

This interview with George Saunders is a real treat.

George says;

There’s this Chekhov quote that I’m kind of living by lately. He says a work of art doesn’t have to solve a problem — it just has to formulate it correctly.

I agree, the start of solving a problem is truly identifying what the problem is. To formulate it correctly. To put it into words that can be understood. This is a skill. I see it in my own life in relationships. I complain about something and talk about the problem, but it comes across wrong to the other person, they don’t understand, or they offer a solution to the problem they perceive I’m talking about. I’m failing to formulate my problem correctly.

The art of good writing will never cease to amaze me and even though I can’t write, I sure can appreciate it, and read as much of it as I can until my dying day.

Anyway, really good interview. Read it or even better watch the video.

His new book, Vigil, comes out January 27th.

Working with Hugo and your MicroBlog Locally

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 17:32:04 -0700

Working with Hugo and your MicroBlog Locally with Claude Code for Testing and Learning

There was some discussion about learning Hugo and making your own Theme for your Micro.blog. I’d love to do this as well and thought I would dive in and share the progress I’ve made so far.

I will strive to update this post with my learning Hugo journey. If it turns into something more, I may make it a dedicated Page on my blog instead of a Post.

Note: I’m a hobbyist programmer with 2 years of college programming in C++ and many online classes with Python, HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. I’ve produced one fully functioning Python web app where pilots could drop their logbook of flying for the year, and it would generate a map of all their travels. I’ll note that was before any A.I., so it was hard-won with lots of research and studying!

I’ve taken long breaks from my programming hobby, which means I forget a lot of what I’ve learned and have to start over.

All that to say, I don’t know much, just enough to be dangerous. Use anything I say with caution. My technical terms will probably be wrong, and my approach will probably be the hardest or the worst, or both!

This will not be an exact step-by-step guide, but it will be enough to get you going with one way to do things. As you will see, Claude will give you the step-by-step.

Why?

I love tweaking my two blogs, mostly with custom CSS, but I have expanded into the guts of Hugo (the blogging engine) to alter posts with additional data. I love learning, and I love understanding how things work and why.

I’ve done extensive custom CSS with Cliff538, all within MicroBlogs' online interface, and it is very dangerous to do it this way. It may be a function of using Safari with so many tabs open, but typing, cutting, pasting, and making a page active, my cursor can lag and jump around. I’ve had some terrible incidents where I’ve deleted stuff I didn’t mean to or copied/pasted that didn’t work right. All this to say it’s better to do your work in an IDE with a Hugo Server running, so you can see your changes. No weirdness, no risk of messing with your actual blog until you know everything works. Plus, working locally lets you use version control—big win.

Now, with ChatGPT or Claude, you can have assistance and a teacher with precisely what you want to do and learn. This is what A.I. is for, in my opinion. If you can understand Hugo from reading the docs, I’m jealous. I’m a reader, but I need to see it in action and have someone explain the why to me. This is where Claude and Claude Code come in.

How?

Things you need

Homebrew or other package manager.
An Anthropic account and sign up for their Pro Plan, it’s $17/month, and notably includes usage of Claude Code
Download and open the Claude App
VS Code or other IDE. VS Code is ideal because Claude Code integrates with it.
Download your MicroBlog blog’s data

The Process

Open the Claude App, make a new Project so you can reference it later, and I believe this helps with memory also, and type in a prompt, something like what I did.

My blogs are at Micro.blog service. I use their online code interface 
to work on my code, but I don't want to do this anymore. 
How can I connect my current blog code to a GitHub repository 
to experiment with changes, or start a blank Hugo blog and learn 
to customize my own theme? I want to use Claude Code with VS Code. 
I want to use Git and GitHub for local and cloud version control. 
I want step-by-step instructions and explanations for why we are doing each step. 
My blog, Cliff538, currently uses Tiny Theme.

Now, you can stop reading here and follow what Claude says. It brought me to the point of having my exact current blog running locally on my Mac. I make HTML/CSS changes and watch them live. When I’m happy with the changes, I save them locally with Git, and at the end of the day, I upload changes to GitHub for safekeeping in a private repository. Then, as of now, I copy and paste my changes into my actual blog. I haven’t researched whether you can connect a GitHub account to your active blog and how quickly it syncs. That may be the next step in the process.

Anytime you don’t understand something or why, stop and ask Claude. It explains everything to you (hopefully correctly). This is not an exercise in Claude just doing all these things, unless you want that. Use Claude as a teacher.

Tips and Suggestions Working With Claude and Claude Code

Claude App is totally separate from Claude Code. You can use both at the same time. Claude Code lives in your Terminal App or within VS Code and is activated and shut down separately from the Claude App. There are more limitations on usage with Claude Code, so use the Claude App for general questions.
Use lots of screenshots. I probably sent Claude 30 different screenshots so it could see what the problem was, it’s easier than explaining it. It works very well.
You can permit Claude Code to modify files within a folder. This worked very well for me when fixing errors. I would let CC fix them, then explain to me why. You can look at the code being altered and ask questions. Git is very handy here; you can open a split screen and see the changes being made.
Anthropic has a page where you can see your Current Session and Weekly Limits. Watch this to learn how many tokens you are using. You can always upgrade your plan or allow Extra Usage. So far, I haven’t bumped up against any limits yet.
Be as detailed as you can with questions, send screenshots, and if you don’t understand something, ask, then continue. Use the teacher that you are paying for.
If Claude gives you instructions to work on the command line and you are not comfortable doing that, ask for an alternative way. It’s just an LLM; you tell it what you want.
I haven’t had to tell Claude to slow down and think longer yet, but working with ChatGPT, I’d get clearly wrong answers, and it would be off track from the question asked. I would have to say, “Stop, look at the question, slow down, and think longer on the problem”. It would help. But so far, Claude has been outstanding.

Continuing with my process, this will be a lot of pasted instructions from Claude. To give you an idea of the workflow. This is not a linear how-to, just an example. Scroll to the very bottom for a summary of this first step of learning.

Exporting Your Current Micro.blog Sites

In Micro.blog, go to ‘Design’, click on the 3 dots next to your domain name, then click “Export” and download your “Theme and Markdown” as a “.zip”. This gives you both your content and your current theme.

Important note about photos: If you have posts with photos, you’ll need to replace the URLs as they don’t work correctly and won’t have been downloaded - you can go through each post and add your domain to the front of each URL.

GitHub Experimental Repository__ (Recommended for learning)

This approach lets you experiment safely while keeping your live sites on Micro.blog:

Set up a local Hugo site on your Mac:

brew install hugo
   hugo new site cliff538-Local
   cd my-blog-experiments

About here, Claude went off in a different direction and I had to steer it back on track with this:

I have downloaded both of my blogs from Micro.blog. I would like to 
set up a local working HUGO environment that exactly matches my 
current live blog. I can experiment with changes on my local blog 
then see about making changes to it later. Right now it will mostly 
be custom CSS changes. I would like to use Claude Code so I can 
learn how to use it. Please guide me through the process please.

Perfect! Let’s get you set up with a local Hugo environment that matches your live blogs, and we’ll use Claude Code to help manage everything. I’ll walk you through this step-by-step.

Step 1: Install Required Software

First, let’s make sure you have everything installed on your Mac:

# Install Hugo if you haven't already
brew install hugo

# Install Claude Code
brew install --cask claude-code

# Verify installations
hugo version
claude --version

Step 2: Choose Which Blog to Set Up First

Since you have two blogs (365pixels.xyz for photos and cliff538.com for general posts), let’s start with one. Which would you like to work on first? I’d suggest starting with whichever one you want to customize the CSS for most urgently.

For this guide, I’ll use 365pixels.xyz as the example, but the process is identical for cliff538.com.

Step 3: Create Your Local Hugo Site

# Create a directory for your blog projects
mkdir ~/hugo-blogs
cd ~/hugo-blogs

# Create a new Hugo site
hugo new site 365pixels-local
cd 365pixels-local

Step 4: Extract and Copy Your Micro.blog Export

Find your downloaded .zip file from Micro.blog (probably in your Downloads folder)
Extract it
Now let’s copy the files into your Hugo site:

# Navigate to where you extracted the Micro.blog files
# Then copy them to your Hugo site
# (Replace the path below with your actual extracted folder location)

# Copy content
cp -r /path/to/extracted/microblog/content ~/hugo-blogs/365pixels-local/

# Copy data folder if it exists
cp -r /path/to/extracted/microblog/data ~/hugo-blogs/365pixels-local/

# Copy static files (images, CSS, etc.)
cp -r /path/to/extracted/microblog/static ~/hugo-blogs/365pixels-local/

# Copy the theme
cp -r /path/to/extracted/microblog/themes/* ~/hugo-blogs/365pixels-local/themes/

Step 5: Convert and Copy Configuration

Your Micro.blog export includes a config.json file, but Hugo typically uses config.toml or hugo.toml. Let’s handle this:

cd ~/hugo-blogs/365pixels-local

Now, open the config.json from your export and we’ll need to convert it. Can you paste the contents of your config.json file here? I’ll help you convert it to the proper format.

Step 6: Initialize Git and Start Claude Code

Once we have the config sorted:

# Initialize git repository
git init

# Create a .gitignore file
cat > .gitignore << EOF
# Hugo default output directory
/public/
/resources/

# Mac files
.DS_Store

# Hugo cache
.hugo_build.lock
EOF

# Make initial commit
git add .
git commit -m "Initial commit: Imported from Micro.blog"

# Now start Claude Code
claude

Step 7: Working with Claude Code

When Claude Code starts, you’ll see a command prompt. Here’s how to use it effectively:

First, give Claude Code context:

This is my 365pixels.xyz photo blog imported from Micro.blog. It uses Hugo and I want to:
1. Make sure it runs locally and matches my live site
2. Experiment with custom CSS changes
3. Learn how Hugo themes work

Can you first analyze the structure and tell me what theme I'm using and where the CSS files are located?

Claude Code will explore your files and report back. It can:

Read your config file
Check which theme you’re using
Locate CSS files
Identify any issues

Then ask it to test the site:

Can you help me start the Hugo server and check if there are any errors?

Claude Code will run hugo server for you and diagnose any problems.

Step 8: Fixing Photo URLs (Important!)

Remember, Micro.blog exports don’t include the full photo URLs. You’ll need to fix these. With Claude Code, you can ask:

My posts have photo URLs that are incomplete. They need my domain prepended. 
Can you find all image references in my markdown files and update them 
to include https://365pixels.xyz at the beginning?

What to Do Next

Before I continue with more detailed CSS customization guidance, let’s make sure you get through these initial steps.

Can you:

Run through Steps 1-4 above
Share your config.json contents so I can help convert it
Let me know which blog you want to start with
Tell me if you encounter any issues during installation

Once we have your local site running and matching your live site, we’ll use Claude Code to help you experiment with CSS changes in a really efficient way!

Does this plan work for you? Any questions before you get started?

Excellent! Tiny Theme is developed by Matt Langford and is designed to be as fast as possible while supporting all features of Micro.blog and popular plugins, and is the easiest theme to customize on the platform Anthropic. Let’s get it installed!

Complete Setup Process for Tiny Theme

Here’s your step-by-step guide:

Step 1: Set Up Your Hugo Site with Tiny Theme

# Navigate to your projects directory
cd ~/hugo-blogs

# Create your site if you haven't already
hugo new site cliff538-local
cd cliff538-local

# Download Tiny Theme from GitHub
cd themes
git clone https://github.com/MattSLangford/Tiny-Theme-for-Micro.blog.git tiny
cd ..

Step 2: Add the Hugo Config

Save the hugo.toml file I created earlier (from the artifact above) as hugo.toml in your cliff538-local directory. Then add this line to it:

# Open the file in your text editor and add this line near the top:
theme = "tiny"

OK, you get the idea here. You’ll get your information from MicroBlog and insert it into the proper directories, then start the Hugo Server. If you’re like me, you’ll have 3 or 4 errors, and your site won’t load. Screenshot your errors and give them to Claude. You’ll get detailed instructions on how to fix them.

Once I had my site up and running locally, I opened VS Code and activated Claude Code. This way, you can look directly at your files and Claude Code on one screen. It’s invaluable. I haven’t used VS Code very much at all. Claude will tell you how to set it up, which packages to download, and how to configure the perfect Hugo development environment. If you don’t understand something, ask.

I asked a ton of questions about how Git and GitHub worked within VS Code and what all the red and green bars meant. It was all new to me. If I were working with somebody, they would have fired me and walked out of the room in disgust with all the questions! LOL.

When things are set up, you have a basic understanding of working with VS Code and Claude Code, you can get down to the business of tweaking, learning, and experimenting. You can ask Claude Code what problems do you see with my current custom.css file? It unloaded on me about how inefficient my CSS was and how and why to use variables. I asked a ton more questions, let it give me an example, and then got to work. My CSS is a lean, mean machine now, with a Table of Contents and proper variables, so I can make global changes without searching all over the place.

I WILL UPDATE AS I LEARN MORE

Setting Up A Mac Mini Home Server

Mon, 29 Dec 2025 09:54:36 -0700

I’ve always wanted one, but I knew I didn’t need one. Money/Time spent on something that you really don’t need. TailScale and how much I travel were the reasons I finally justified the purchase and took the time to set it up.

I purchased a low-end Mac mini, an HDMI dummy plug, and an external HD for Time Machine. Hardwire the Mac mini into your router. To start the headless operation, you need to plug in a screen, keyboard, and mouse initially. If you don’t have a spare screen lying around, you can use an iPad and the Orion App with a USB-C Capture Card. This is what I did, and it worked brilliantly. Set up sharing, enable screen sharing, and configure the power-saving options you want. I recommend turning off power saving and leaving it running all the time, as that’s its purpose. Turn on auto-login for the account you will use to manage it. If the mini restarts, you want it to log in automatically and start Plex and TailScale. You’re still protected, because you’ll set the screen saver to require the password immediately.

After that is set up, you can unplug your attachments and plug in the HDMI dummy plug so the mini thinks a screen is always attached. Head to your main computer, find the mini on your network, and screen share into it. You should never need to attach anything to it now. Keep things updated, and work on it using screen sharing from now on.

Numerous blogs, YouTube videos, and LLMs offer guidance on home server settings, so I won’t go into more detail.

I deleted the apps I didn’t want on the mini, logged into my Apple account, turned off cloud sync for desktop items, and installed Plex Server and TailScale. Plugged in a 4TB external HD for Time Machine and set that up.

I opened Plex, pointed it to my home NAS, and ensured it started automatically at login. TailScale setup can be a bit involved, and here is where I reached out to ChatGPT for some guidance: I wanted an Exit Node and Subnet for my home LAN. There is some command-line work here that was beyond my skill level.

Now, when I’m traveling, which is every week, whether I have my iPad, Mac, or iPhone, I activate TailScale, turn on the Exit Node for my mini. It’s just like I’m sitting at home. I’m protected as well, or better, than any commercial VPN, and I have access to any computer, NAS, router, or external HD on my home wifi network.

I can open Plex and watch live TV or media on my NAS. I was nothing short of frustrated with Plex Server running on my NAS. I had nothing but problems, and eventually just deleted it. But so far, Plex running on my mini has been rock-stable. I still prefer using Infuse for the front end to Plex. It just works.

The one area I have been unable to make work is printing to my home printers from the road. In theory, you can do this. I can make the printer print pages, but they’re blank. There is a communication error in the printer setup somehow. I found my printers on the home network, renamed them, and attached them in a Finder window. Tried to print, but it doesn’t work. I went into Printer settings on my home computer and added the printers by their IP addresses, trying every available communication protocol, but that didn’t work either. I can open a Note and print it, but it prints blank. I’ve tried every different setting, consulted ChatGPT, and no dice. I don’t see a reason ever to print anything at home from the road, but I wanted to know if I could make it work.

Another advantage of the mini server is an additional place to store user documents on your home network. If you’re uncomfortable having a document you’re working on in the cloud, save it to your mini with the security of Time Machine backing everything up. You could also set up a web server to run a website. The internet offers many options and ideas for your home server.

It was a fun process; I really enjoyed setting it up and tweaking things. My primary purpose and justification are the TailScale benefits; as much as I travel, having the ability to browse the internet safely and access my home LAN is peace of mind. So far on the road, I’ve had zero issues with performance or speed, doing all my internet needs through my home wifi.

To put a finer point on this Exit Node/Subnet feature, when you log into TailScale on your iPad, iPhone, Mac, any device, and then activate your home mini server Exit Node that is also setup to be a Subnet, your device thinks it’s on your home LAN, you can do a IP address lookup and you’ll show back at home. You have full access to everything on your home wifi. (Except maybe your printers) When you surf the internet, you are using your home wifi. Any website that cares where you are physically (I know some financial institutions won’t let you log in if you are out of the country) will think you are home. This can also come into play with some streaming services. The Exit Node gives you access to your home internet. The Subnet provides access to your home LAN. You can set up an Exit Node with or without a Subnet.

I’m no expert, and my terminology could be wrong in places; for that, I apologize. You networking experts will cringe at reading this (actually, no networking experts are reading my blog, ha!) Set up a home server and play with it; you’ll gain some good things.

If you have any questions, please post them below, and I’ll do my best to answer them. As always, thanks for stopping by.

365Pixels Stat Page

Sun, 28 Dec 2025 17:26:14 -0700

I’ve always wanted a stat page on 365Pixels that showed my current streak, posting percentage and other info. That skill is beyond my current abilities, so I worked with ChatGPT and came up with a really nice, simple Stat Block that sits on the homepage. I think it’s pretty fun.

Let's Talk Email

Tue, 23 Dec 2025 12:56:51 -0700

I’ve never put much thought into email before. It wasn’t a super big deal to me; I had no professional needs with it, just a regular online-life email. I had no custom email addresses; I just used what Google and Apple gave me.

Until you read a few stories about people being locked out of their email accounts and losing everything.

This brings email to the forefront and makes you consider who your email provider is and whether you have a backup plan.

Most non-professionals end up with Apple Mail, Google Mail, Yahoo Mail, or a similar service. Remember AOL “You’ve Got Mail”. I’ve had them all over the years, including Hotmail. The last few years have been focused on Apple, Gmail, and Yahoo. You know the routine: an Apple address for business, a Gmail address for website accounts, and Yahoo for my spammy stuff - I don’t care if I lose this email.

That’s always been enough.

Recently, a lot of fuss was made on Mastodon about an individual who lost his Apple account after being locked out for using a bogus Apple gift card, according to the story.

This made me deep-dive into my reliance on big companies and who controls my data, especially email, email addresses, email Providers, backup plans, and best practices to avoid losing access to your email.

I’m not saying this is the best way, but it’s a lot better than what I had. It may help you as well. I think it’s pretty bulletproof.

What you want:

Your own email addresses with a custom domain: They are yours; you never have to change them. You can move them to any domain provider that suits you. Mine are at Hover. If Hover ever goes out of business, or things get flaky, I can move my domain names to another provider. The important part is that my email addresses will never have to change unless I want them to.

An email provider/service that you register your custom domain names to: This needs to be a service that has everything you need from a provider: cost, aliases, good apps, and a good look and feel. You can use your custom domains with Google or Apple, but why? You are risking some real hassles. There are excellent providers with minimal risk, such as FastMail, Proton, and others. This is where some good research will pay off. Review everything, find something that fits your needs and budget, then follow the Provider’s instructions to register your domain names with it. Remember, you can always move Providers later if you need to. At Proton, and now want to move to FastMail, just move your domains over to FastMail. In theory, you won’t lose any emails, as undeliverable emails will bounce for days, always trying to reach their destination. By the time your domains are registered with the new Provider, emails sent to and from you during this transition period will eventually reach their new home. At least that is what I’m told.

I went with Proton Mail. They have easy-to-follow instructions for setting up your domains, provide email aliases, offer good apps, and encrypt your email from start to finish.

An Alias Email Address Structure/System: The next step is to plan which email address to use for each location. You’ll have your primary email address, your favorite one. You want to keep this one mostly off the internet. You don’t want a ton of spam going to it after all these companies get hacked, and they have your email you used to sign up for all these services and accounts. In steps aliases. Most email services provide aliases for you to use. I went with a custom domain for my aliases, too; this way, I have complete control over how they look and can maintain a regimented structure. I’m using a service called SimpleLogin. I attached my custom domain to it, and now, I can make a unique address for each online account I ever sign up for. This way, when it’s eventually leaked online, and I start getting spam to it, I can change it. I only have to change one email address, and the spam stops. Suppose you use your primary email address for all your online accounts; you’re stuck. You will eventually get tons of spam, and the thought of going back and changing hundreds of email addresses will make your eyes cross, and you’ll say screw it.

My Email Plan in Action

I have three custom domains. One is for my personal email, one is for secondary/recovery emails in online accounts, and the third is my aliases email with SimpleLogin.

My business and personal email are with my main/favorite email address. Every other online account has a unique email address, an alias. This is where your email Provider will help, or you can use a custom service like SimpleLogin. I’ve been using SimpleLogin for years now, and it’s an excellent service. I’ve had zero issues with them. When that alias email gets compromised, and it will, I change that one email. Easy.

For example, I just signed up with The Atlantic magazine. It gets its own custom email: theatlantic@yourcustomdomain.com. I use the name of the account I’m signing up for; that way, I always know which account it is and which email has been compromised. Hit the easy button!

I now have 150+ email addresses out there on the internet; they all go to the same email Provider and open in the same Mac or iOS app—clean, simple, and pretty bulletproof.

Benefits

Everything can be moved.
Nobody can lock you out of your emails.
You’ll never have to change more than one email address when that one ends up on the dark web for sale, and hundreds of spam emails are inundating your inbox every day.
Every new account you sign up for gets its own email address. Your-new-account@yourcustomdomain.com or a structure that you can remember. You’ll never forget your username again.
An easy backup schedule that can be automated if needed.

Downsides

You’re not getting free email anymore. All this is going to cost you something every year. But, with that comes a lot of peace and a whole lot less spam.
Once you get your new email address, you will spend days, weeks, and maybe months changing all your emails from that Google address to your sporty new custom ones. But it’s worth it. It will be the last time you have to do this.

Let me know if you have any additional tips or if you see a vulnerability in my plan.

As always, thank you for reading.

Notes from the series "The Eightfold Path".

Mon, 01 Sep 2025 17:44:36 -0700

I’m a daily user of the meditation app Waking Up. I’m not a Buddhist, but I love many of their teachings. Along with daily meditation, this makes me a better person and gives me freedom from ruminating on my thoughts.

I listen to many talks from Joseph Goldstein and usually take the time to make notes. I started a new series within the App called The Eightfold Path, which is hosted by Dan Harris, Joseph Goldstein, and Sam Harris. The first talk was approximately two hours long, and I listened to it once through uninterrupted, then returned a second time with the purpose of taking notes.

I thought I’d post my notes from the first talk. Perhaps this will pique your interest enough to want to listen to the entire series, or maybe even try meditation. It has changed my life.

“The Eightfold Path”

Dan Harris, Joseph Goldstein, & Sam Harris on the Waking Up App.

Day 1 - The Right View

Someone asked the Buddha, Are there still enlightened beings in the world? As long as people are practicing the Eightfold path, there will be enlightened beings in the world.

Enlightened, awakened: The uprooting of greed, hatred, and delusion.

Assess your practice, are you suffering less or more?

Generosity, Love, and Wisdom are causes of greater happiness.

Dukkha:

The Pali word is usually translated as suffering, but Joseph likes the inevitability of unwanted experiences. And why the inevitability? because everything is unstable, everything is continually changing. Things are becoming otherwise.

The monkey trap:

Hunters will hollow out a coconut and make a small hole, just big enough for a monkey to put his empty hand through. Inside is a sweet, tempting treat. The monkey slides his hand through and grabs the treat, but is unable to remove his hand while holding the treat. The hunter is approaching, and the monkey is trapped. Unable to remove his hand. It is the rare monkey that can “let go” and remove its hand. Because of the force, the habit, the deeply conditioned habit of grasping to what is pleasant, holding on.

You get to the edge of your comfort/discomfort:

Level of discomfort, painful emotion, you get to the edge, the goal of practice is not to avoid that, it’s a benefit that the practice leads you to this place. You can learn how to relax into whatever that experience might be without holding onto it or pushing it away. You are seeing the impermanence of the discomfort, the emotion, so your comfort zone gets a little bigger. With more practice, over the years, you are enlarging your comfort zone, ultimately to the place where you have no edges. So, whatever arises, the mind is relating to it from a place of greater freedom.

Earth, Air, Fire, Water. Plasma, Gas, Liquid, Solid.

The Two Arrows:

The first arrow is the pain. The second arrow is all the mental suffering you might add to the physical pain. The Buddha points out that it’s the second arrow that we can work with. How we relate to it is up to us.

Letting Go:

It’s not the best phrase, but using the phrase “Letting Be” is much better. If something is painful, you’re not holding onto it; you don’t want it. Letting Be is a better description. Let it be, watch it change, watch it go away.

Preferences:

It’s not, not having preferences. It’s not being attached to the preference. You’ve been planning the buffet all day long, craving sweet buns, and you get to the buffet and they are out of sweet buns. Ideally, this would not cause a ripple in thought, nor cause suffering. To hold what is pleasant and unpleasant with equanimity.

Buddha would visit the sick:

I hope your pain is diminishing, but the patient would say No, it’s getting worse. The Buddha would say, Though your body is afflicted, may your mind remain unafflicted.

Mental Suffering:

Our thoughts on the past, present, and future bring the most suffering. The real promise of meditation is that, though the first arrow of physical pain is inevitable, the second arrow of mental suffering in all its forms, certainly your suffering of thoughts of the past, present, and future, is something that you can wake up from.

The Buddha said mental suffering is worse than physical suffering. The teachings of the Buddha are how to free ourselves from that mental suffering.

First Step of the Eightfold Path is Right View:

One expression of wrong view is: it’s the feeling or experience of, I’m happy, or I’m sad, I’m afraid, I’m bored, etc. This is the common way we interpret our experience. The wrong view aspect is the claiming of that mind state to be the self, to be I. Which is so deeply embedded into our conditioning. So the relief from that suffering is to be mindful enough, aware enough, of the emotions themselves as being impersonal.

One Tibetan teaching says, Thoughts and emotions wander through the mind like clouds in the sky, no roots, no home. What we can do is to root those emotions in the view of self, and that is what is problematic. Our practice of meditation is to see the emotions, the thoughts, for what they are: moving, always changing, passing by. Do not root them into the ground, into your mind as yours, as I.

Right View sets the direction of your path.

The first level of Right View is sometimes called Mundane Right View. It has to do with the right view for developing greater ease and happiness in our lives. How do we live wisely in a way that reduces suffering, creates more ease, aligns us, and puts us in harmony with the way things are?

The understanding that our actions have consequences. The Law of Karma. All of our actions will bear fruit at some point, depending on the motivation associated with the action.

When we act motivated by greed or anger, motivated by delusion, that is like planting the Karmic seed of some future unwanted experience. On the other hand, when we act motivated by generosity or love, by understanding or wisdom, that is planting the seed of some future desirable experiences.

When we act, it’s usually without thinking about where this act is coming from, what the Karmic consequences would be. Without taking the time to consider our motivations. Where is this act coming from, where is it leading, and do I want to go where it’s leading?

Which feels better, being happy and kind and loving, or being angry and upset? Which person do other people want to be around? It’s so simple and so powerful.

In the texts, it emphasizes the value of generosity, a behavior to cultivate, not just because it feels good in the moment but because it has very good Karmic consequences.

Make generosity a practice.

On the spiritual path, time is not a factor. We, especially in the West, want results now; we don’t want to wait. The spiritual path takes time, and time is not a factor if we are on the right path, going in the right direction.

Deep Dive into talking about belief in the deeper parts of Buddhism, like rebirth and Karma:

The willing suspension of disbelief. We can be attached to our disbeliefs as strongly as our beliefs.

Saying “I don’t know” is very different than saying “It’s not true”.

Be open to the possibility.

Sam references Pascal’s Wager in relation to belief in rebirth.

Pascal’s Wager:

Pascal argued that when it comes to belief in God, we face a kind of wager or bet:

If God exists and you believe → you gain infinite reward (eternal life).
If God exists and you don’t believe → you risk infinite loss (eternal punishment or loss of salvation).
If God does not exist and you believe → you lose little or nothing (maybe some worldly pleasures).
If God does not exist and you don’t believe → you gain little or nothing.

So, from a practical, risk–reward perspective, believing in God is the “better bet,” because the potential gains outweigh the potential losses.

Joseph had a teacher who said, “You don’t have to believe it to become enlightened; it’s true, but you don’t have to believe it.”

Dan’s summary of Mundane Right View:

Understanding that actions have results or consequences. 
Understanding that awakening is possible.
The root of suffering is craving. 
Joseph adds, selflessness or non-self.

We don’t invite our thoughts to come; you can, but most of your thoughts come uninvited.

One technique is to treat your thoughts that pop into your head as if they are coming from the person next to you. It can help you not identify with them.

As the thought is there, ask the question, What is a thought? Not what the thought is saying. But what the thought is as a phenomenon. You’ll find that it’s not much. You are taking the power away from the thought. You can get angry, or jealous, or have a very strong emotion over a little, small thought. Take that power away. Look at what that thought is. The empty nature of thought.

Impermanence, Dukkha, and Selflessness.

Mundane Right View: Day-to-day right view, conditional, conventional, what are the actual ways of producing ordinary states of happiness. Super Mundane Right View: Transcending all the Mundane Right View and waking up

In Sam’s view, the most astounding quality of the mind:

Unexamined thoughts are everything, and examined thoughts are nothing.

There is almost no tradition in the West of philosophy or psychology that even acknowledges that fact.

We are completely in our stories.

Three stages of Tibetan self liberation:

Writing on water: as soon as you write it, it vanishes.
The knotted snake unties itself.
Thieves entering an empty house.

Mon, 07 Jul 2025 11:43:56 -0700

I learned about this website from Ed Young’s Newsletter. I think everyone in the U.S. needs to see it.

About The Website Unbreaking:

The United States is experiencing institutional collapse at a speed and scale that are difficult to understand, especially through feeds and updates that atomize our attention. We believe that mapping the damage done and its human costs—and the pushback and resilience work already underway—is necessary groundwork for building and retaining political agency.

https://unbreaking.org

Custom CSS for your Markdown in DEVONthink - Who Knew!

Fri, 28 Mar 2025 16:01:09 -0700

This link comes from MacStories, but it’s too good to not share.

If you are a DEVONthink user, this is a really nice touch. I’ve downloaded and used jsloop’s custom CSS, and it’s terrific.

I had no idea you could do this in DT, and it makes all the difference in the world.

There are directions for both DEVONthink 3 and DEVONthink To Go 3, and you are free to use jsloops CSS to get you started. Then it’s easy to make tweaks after that.

The two links:

https://www.devontechnologies.com/blog/20250327-markdown-stylesheet-jsloop

https://jsloop.net/2025/03/22/markdown-theming-in-devonthink-3

Tue, 25 Feb 2025 08:05:08 -0700

PSA: Tomorrow is the cutoff to download your Amazon books. How To Do Stuff walks you through step by step how to do it with automation. Easy Peazy.

youtu.be/A4nRGFUCl…

KIWIX - A User Report

Mon, 10 Feb 2025 10:15:43 -0700

I’ve seen this posted about Mastodon a lot, and then @amerpie posted about it yesterday, and I thought, why the heck not? Let’s check it out; I’ve got some time to kill.

So, yeah, this KIWIX is really cool. I’m not a Super Bowl kind of guy, so I downloaded Kiwix and then proceeded to download the entire Wikipedia, then iFixit, then Gutenberg. Sheesh, why not? I have a Synology with ample space, so why not lock some of this stuff in and have it on local storage?

If you read some of the reviews on Kiwix, you’d think it doesn’t work well, but I’ve had zero issues with it; I’m using the Mac App. So now I’m a downloading fool, gathering what I can for no apparent reason other than because I can…

Here is their Library of downloads. Check it out and see if there is anything you may want to have stored locally.

Some of the files are huge, so good storage capacity is a must, but they have tons of different download options if you are interested in just sections of, say, Wikipedia.

You can even run a local Wi-Fi network from a Raspberry Pi with all your downloaded data. This would be great for classrooms, but I may do this just for the fun of it.

It’s good to have it stored locally, but clearly, the mission is for folks who have limited or no internet access. It’s free to use and looks like a worthy endeavor to support with your skills or finances.

Here is their About Page. Some pretty cool stuff here, like:

The Short Story Did you know that you could store the entirety of Wikipedia on your phone? And read it anywhere, at anytime?

The Long Story We can make highly compressed copies of entire websites that each fit into a single (.zim) file. Zim files are small enough that they can be stored on users’ mobile phones, computers or small, inexpensive Hotspot.

Kiwix then acts like a regular browser, except that it reads these local copies. People with no or limited internet access can enjoy the same browsing experience as anyone else.

The software as well as the content are fully open-source and free to use and share.

The Challenge
50% of the world’s population has no reliable access to the internet. This can be because of cost, lack of infrastructure, or censorship.

The Solution – How Does It Work?
We copy educational websites and compress them into files that people can take with them and browse anytime, anywhere. Kiwix Is Also A Nonprofit Most of our revenue comes from donations. We do not display ads, nor do we collect personal data.